Декабрь 2009
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The decrease in turnover of the company depends on the proper organization of the processes of warehousing and transportation, which prevented the problems arising at the junction of the warehouse and transport department. Addressing is only for sound cooperation between divisions, and where the overlap of their business processes - in shipping and receiving goods
Receipt of goods
During the acceptance of the goods major conflicts arise because of long handling of cargo at the warehouse, resulting in transport may be idle. Reasons for failure are two:
uncoordinated planning of work units;
long process of unloading and receipt of goods.
What can I do to solve this problem?
The division of areas of responsibility
Very often, the driver, referring to delivery drivers, in a hurry to be held responsible for all the discrepancies between the goods, which he had brought, and documents, which signed when the machine boots. It is assumed that during loading and unloading it will act as a financially responsible person receiving the goods under the painting and a painting as his dealer.
If a company has several different positions of the nomenclature that while still large, the use of such a scheme would have negative consequences and will be put in a quality document. Quite a different situation where the company has many very similar positions, resulting in regularly occurs peresortitsa. Quickly and accurately counted submersible and discharged by the number of goods is impossible, since the overall weight and dimensions characteristic of the good small. In addition, in boxes, marked by one the number of items, it may be a different number (whether purposely or not). It is unlikely that the driver, especially the wage will be open each box and compare the contents with labels. And it is absolutely absurd assumption that the delivery drivers will be able to make the loading as a whole commission, which takes the goods in stock, the recipient, especially if he sees this product for the first time in my life.
What should be done in this situation? First you must determine what level of responsibility of the driver can carry, and give him exactly that level - no more and no less. For example, the driver will not be difficult, and during loading and unloading to recalculate the number of whole pallets or sealed boxes and in case of inconsistency of embedded units brought the number held personally financially liable. If he plunged, for example, 10 sealed boxes and the same sealed unloaded, even if peresortitsy or shortage of any commodity on the documents no claims to the driver should not be. For additional control of the machine can seal.
After unloading all the goods in the zone of acceptance, conversion of cargo units and matching them with the documents of the driver can go. Thus, the venture is another problem - idle time of transport. It remains the most expensive time-step of the process: conversion of the quantity, quality acceptance and registration of all documents that are already without a driver. Fence, not spurred by fines for simple machines can spend on this stage as long as it requires that a very favorable effect on the accuracy of acceptance.
Algorithm: The coordinated planning
Using the methods described below, will increase the rate of acceptance of the goods due to the fact that in case of need to take a greater quantity of goods will be more staff.
1. Plan in advance of delivery should be, by providing a better situation, not allowing the simultaneous delivery of goods from several suppliers.
2. Need to align the incoming stream to the warehouse to department certificate was loaded all the time about the same, without time trouble, or, conversely, outages.
3. If stock and acceptance, and shipment is carried out using the same resources, the need to align the shipment as a whole for the entire warehouse. Due to the fact that companies are trying to focus on the customer, the shipment takes precedence over the receipt, so when planning deliveries must be borne in mind that the supply will be serviced by the warehouse after shipment to customers.
4. If the planning stage with an uneven load can not do anything to advance devise measures to increase the capacity of the department of acceptance in such moments. This can be scheduled match time work two shifts a period of acceptance, in which we have twice as many employees. Remains podgadat time bring up large quantities of goods at this time. Can draw the warehouse staff from other departments. But here we must be very careful and use only such staff unloading machines and converting to and acceptance by professional, trained and financially responsible receptionist.
5. It is necessary to divide the process of unloading and receipt and regulate the work of the transport department.
Shipment of goods
At the time of shipment major conflicts arise from the fact that the refinement of the warehouse all the necessary arrangements for the shipment of goods to spend too much time, which leads to a simple transport. Two possible reasons:
uncoordinated planning of work units;
the long process of assembling and loading of goods.
Let's look at what can be done to address each of these problems.
Coordinated planning
Coordinated planning is described in the chapter "Acceptance" and is suitable for the process of shipment. Measures to increase the capacity of the department of shipment can be completed as follows: it is necessary to think of ways, formalize and implement a scheme of building a possible turn of the client machine, with the obligatory definition of priority shipment. This may be the most common system is FIFO (first come - first shipped), which, in essence, a simple straight line queue. Or, more artful system built on the principle of priority of shipment to customers, which can be quickly serviced. For example, a client that needs to ship two boxes, should not wait until the end loading of trucks, even if it arrived a little earlier. Or retrofit system FIFO with priority shipment of cars vip-clients, regardless of the volume of cargo and time of arrival at the warehouse.
Accelerating the process of assembling and loading of goods
In addition to using the designated method to divide the processes of assembling and loading. If at the time the vehicle arrives at the warehouse all the necessary goods to be loaded already assembled in the area of shipping and all necessary documents are generated and printed, then the time to load the vehicle would require a minimum of downtime and the TC will not. For example, if the assembly is detected by the lack of known address required for shipment of the goods and it is forced to search for or agreed with the client to replace this product Available from analog profitable to commit these acts with sufficient amount of time, rather than paying for each hour of forced delay transport.
But that would require an additional level of responsibility and from the transport department - in fact if a car comes too late or not at all come to the warehouse, all built for loading goods will obstruct loading zone, preventing the assembly of goods for other machines.
Equally deplorable situation arises when a load is put the car with a body of smaller volume than the total volume of cargo that can occur both because of the mistakes of the transport department, and because of miscalculation of the warehouse. We'll have to share the position of those who had gone now, and those who leave with the next machine, create new documents, sort out, counted and re-check position. And all this time machine will be in stock, and you - to pay for it simple.
By optimizing the interaction processes of storage and transportation need to ensure that the costs (time, financial, human) decreased in the aggregate for the whole chain of interrelated processes. Otherwise will have to solve the problems of some areas to the detriment of others that ultimately will not reduce overall costs, and increase them.
Automation of loading and unloading
Anyone who had the opportunity to compare the loading and unloading operations carried out by hand loaders and using specialized equipment, says that the automated loading takes much less time. But not under any circumstances for the emergence of stock trucks affect the runtime of standard operations. Deciding to purchase handling equipment, warehouse owner must take into account the many nuances that can make a pointless waste of money on trucks:
inadequacy of goods (for example, palletized boxes or oversized cargo);
unsuitable floor in a warehouse (forklift not all will pass or break);
narrow passages (loader will not be able to reach a distant shelves with the goods, or to turn in the aisle to take the load);
inability to recruit the operators of these trucks in the area where the warehouse, etc.
In addition, the low speed of the process of loading / unloading may ask, for example, a long form of the transport documents or lengthy recount and recheck of the goods when it is loaded into the vehicle. This does not mean you need to ship quickly to the detriment of the validity of the documents or take faster at the expense of correctness of data in the consignment. But remember that only one acquisition of handling equipment, without changes in business processes themselves, the problem of the speed of shipment and receipt does not solve.
Fighting with a dummy run
Typically, forklifts in stock already, and moreover - they work successfully. But the wise leader receives an application from the warehouse for the purchase of additional trucks due to the increased volume of processed by the warehouse of goods. Manager decides to familiarize himself with the situation on the stock and determine whether it is possible to optimize the process, to abandon such significant expenditures. Quite often a situation arises when subordinates do not see the true cause of the problem and offer a fix is not the cause and consequence. For example, in one place loaders do not suffice, whereas in the other vehicle is idle. In this case, the director gives instructions correctly allocate resources. Sometimes the manager sees the issue narrowly and unreasonably refuses to purchase additional equipment.
For example, some managers are beginning to struggle with a dummy run the forklift, following this logic: each forklift, who works at the loading coming from the storage area to the ramp loaded, and back - empty, and each forklift, who works for the unloading, on the contrary, coming from the zone store is empty, and vice versa - loaded (see figure). Consequently, the return journey is 50% of the total mileage for each truck, while if each of them will be both busy and on the loading and unloading the goods, he can go to the ramp and loaded from the storage, and back - from the ramp to the zone storage.
There is a reduction in circuit race twice, then there is a need for additional loaders overlaps! But do not rush immediately to implement this solution in their own stock, look at the situation "from above".
1. There is a shortage of trucks in stock at peak loads, but they rarely coincide in the zone of acceptance and shipment. Consequently, the forced return journey from trucks will be, their efficiency is not 100%, which means they may still not be enough.
2. Shipping and acceptance in any case will be uneven, therefore, we must devise and implement a reliable mechanism to alert drivers of trucks, to regulate their movement. For example, what to do after delivery driver from the storage area in the shipment: go back empty to continue to service the shipment, or wait for jobs in the storage area of the zone of acceptance? Or vice versa: what to do after delivery of the goods from the zone of acceptance in the storage area?
3. Applying this decision without redevelopment warehouse, you may encounter with the intersection traffic flow, which in any case lead to a loss of speed of moving trucks, and perhaps even to create traffic jams on the way of warehouse equipment.
4. If you are clearly divided and the process for shipping and receiving, then monitor the safety of property would be much easier than when the same trucks are moved from zone to zone is loaded, then without it.
However, all of the above does not mean that such a solution will not work specifically on your stock. You only need to take into account these factors and weigh all the pluses and minuses. For example, this method almost always works effectively to reach trucks, if they are employed only ascents and descents in the cargo area shtabelnogo storage and delivery in this area and from trucks already carry. But here we must be careful in assessing the possible acceleration: Yes, stackers really start to work almost twice as fast, but stopping can happen due to the fact that the trucks would not keep up with the piling, and the overall speed of processing of goods will remain the same.
In any case, whatever decision optimization and intensify the processes of shipment and acceptance you have not considered, be sure to evaluate the total costs and their changes in comparison with an apparent positive effect of the conversion.